Internet Concept Unit 3

UNIT – 3

HTML

HTML ,d ,slh Language gS tks Web page cukus esa lgk;d gksrh gS ;k bl Language ds use djds Web page cukrs gSA www }kjk Publishing ds fy;s HTML dks use fd;k tkrk gSA HTML Data ;k Text Formating information ds fy;s ASCII Characters dk use djrh gS vFkkZr~ dksbZ Hkh Computer HTML Document dks ASCII (Text) Document ds :i esa izkIr djsxkA HTML ls Hyper Text Document ds fofHkUu Hkkxkas dks vklkuh ls le> ldrs gSA HTML dk Purpose fdlh Text dh Processing dks le>kuk gSA

HTML esa ,d 'kCn “Hyper Text” tqMk gqvk gS] Hyper Text dk vFkZ gS User ls Relation ;k ckrphr djukA Web dk iwjk Process, Hyper Text ij fuHkZj djrk gSA Hyper Text lk/kkj.k Text dh rjg gh gksrk gSA ijUrq bldk Link vU; Data ds lkFk gksrk gSA HTML ls ,d vU; “kCn “Hyper Media” Hkh tqMk gS tks fd Text ds lkFk² Images, Videos, Movies vkfn Hyper Media dks Hyper Text ls tksMrk gSA

bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gS fd HTML lk/kkj.k Text dks Hyper Text eas ifjofrZr djrk gSA HTML dk mi;ksx dkQh ljy gS blfy;s Web pages cukus esa bldk Use c< jgk gSA

Main HTML Editors

HTML Editor ,d platform gS tgka HTML Code o HTML Tag dks O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA Main HTML Editor fuEu gS &

1. Front Page Editor: - ;g Microsoft }kjk cuk;k x;k gSA Microsoft Front Page eass Edit djus ds fy;s File Menu eas New dks choose djrs gSA bl izdkj New Webpage cukus ds fy;s Editor [kqy tkrk gS] bls Front Page Template dgrs gSA Front Page esa iwjh WebSite Develop cukus ds Tools mifLFkr gSA

Main Features: -

· Complete Website Development Tool

· Graphical Table and Forms Editing

· Comprehensive Set of Wizards to do almost everything

· Links and Image Dialogs allow Browsing for Locations

· Built-in Tools for Image Map and Image Manipulation

· Great support for Active-X, Java and Embeded Objects

2. Web Edit 2.0: - ;g editor MS Window 9x/NT Operating system’s editor gS blesa Hkh Front page editor dh rjg Tag checking gksrh gSA ;g editor HTML 3.0, Netscape 2.0, Internet Explorer 2.0 dks support djrk gSA ;g editor ,d Link Dialogbox miyC/k djkrk gSA Web Edit eas Image Map Builder ”kkfey gksrk gS tks user dks Clientside ij Image Map cukus dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA ;g Customize Field Bar cukus dh Hkh lqfo/kk nsrk gS rFkk blesa Table editor Hkh gksrk gSA

3. Notepad: - ;g Microsoft }kjk cuk;k x;k lcls lk/kkj.k Editor gSA lkekU;r% bl editor dk use HTML document dks fy[kus ds fy;s djrs gSA blesa HTML code fy[kus ds ckn file dks .Html Extension ds lkFk save djrs gS vc bls fdlh Hkh Web Browser eas ns[k ldrs gSA

4. Adobe Page Nill: - ;g Editor Macintosh Computer ij HTML page cukus ds fy;s use fd;k tkrk gSA blds u, Versions Windows esa Hkh pyrs gSA

5. Netscape Navigator Gold: - ;g editor Netscape browser dk Hkkx gS tks fd WYSWYG (What You See What You Get) HTML editor tool gSA mldk mi;ksx djuk ljy gSA lkekU;r;k bldk use Intranet ij Webpages cukus ds fy;s djrs gSA bldh Window simple Window dh rjg gksrh gS ijUrq blesa Tool Bars tqMs gksrs gSA ,d u;k page open djds bu Tool Bars dh lgk;rk ls HTML page cuk;k tkrk gSA

6. mijksDr Editors ds vfrfjDr MS Office Hkh HTML document cukrk gSA tSls&MS Word, Excel, Powerpoint.

Image Editors

Images dks Web pages ij use djus o Manipulation djus ds fy;s Graphical Program dh vko”;drk gksrh gS ftls Image Editor dgrs gSA ge bl editor dh lgk;rk ls fofHkUu Images dk Colour, Size cny ldrs gS vkSj mlesa Text tksM o Move dj ldrs gSA ;g Graphics Image, Drawing, Photo, Picture vkfn gksrh gSA

lokZf/kd dke esa vkus okyk Image editor Adobe Photoshop gSA ;g ,d mPpLrjh; Image Editing Application gSA ;g Gif, Jpeg, Bmp, Tiff vkfn formats ds lkFk dk;Z djrk gSA blds vykok Corel PhotoPaint, Macromedia Fireworks Hkh Image Editor gSA

Issues in Website Creations and Maintenance

tc dHkh Hkh dksbZ Website login dh tkrh gS rks dbZ egRoiw.kZ ckrsa gksrh gSA ,d vPNh Websitedks create djus ds fy;s fuEu dqN ckrkas dk /;ku j[kuk t:jh gS &

(v) tc Hkh ge dksbZ Website cukrs gS rks mleas ges”kk lcls igys [kqyus okys webpage Home Page ij gh lkjh tkudkjh miyC/k ugha djkbZ tkrhA Home Page ij ml Website dh [kwfc;ksa vkSj fo”ks"krkvkas ds ckjs esa short knowledge miyC/k djk;h tkuh pkfg;sA

(vi) bl ckr dk fo”ks"k /;ku j[kuk pkfg;s fd tks Hkh Graphics, Icons, Sound etc. Webpage esa use esa vk jgk gS mls ml Folder esa store dj ysosa ftl Folder esa lkjs Web pages dks store fd;k gSA

(vii) tc Hkh fdlh Website dks Server ij FTP Protocol dh lgk;rk ls Hkstk tkrk gS rc ;g /;ku j[kuk pkfg;s fd lkjs Webpages ,d Main folder eas Store djus ds ckn gh Hkstk tk;s] ftlls og Website vklkuh ls Server ij store gks ldsA viuh Website dks Better & Popular cukus ds fy;s lcls vly ckr ;g gS fd ge viuh Website ij mifLFkr Information dks time-to-time Update djrs jgsA ftlls fd ml Website dks Visit djus okykas dks cksfj;r eglwl u gks vkSj og gj ckj ubZ tkudkjh izkIr dj ldsA blds fy;s gesa viuh Website dks Maintain djuk iMsxk gS ftls fd FTP Software ds ek/;e ls djrs gSA

FTP Software for upload website

FTP Protocol ls Files dks Send rFkk Receive fd;k tkrk gSA FTP Protocol ij vk/kkfjr Softwares }kjk Internet ij Files dks Upload, Download ;k Unload dj ldrs gSA Public FTP Site dks Login dh vko”;drk gksrh gS rFkk users ds E-mail ID o Password dh vko”;drk gksrh gSA users FTP Server dks gh Access dj ldrs gSA Internet ij FTP sites dh lwph miyc/k gSA Files dks Download djus ds fy;s Compression rduhd dh t:jr gksrh gSA blls large files dks small dj fn;k tkrk gS rkfd og tYnh ls Download gks ldsA blds i”pkr Receive djus okys user dks Files Uncompress djuh iMrh gSA

;fn gesa fdlh FTP Server ls Files dks Download ;k Upload djuk gS rks WS-FTP Pro Software dh lgk;rk ls ge vius computer ls Virtual Server Web Space ij Web Pages dks easily store dj ldrs gSA ;g Software gesa Website dks Internet ij Publish djus dh facility Provide djokrk gSA tc ge bl software dks Internet ds ek/;e ls Download djrs gS rc gesa blesa viuh Website ds ckjs esa fuEu tkudkjh Hkjuh iMrh gS: -

1. Profile Name: - ;g Reference Name gS blesa ge dqN Hkh ns ldrs gSA ;g gekjs mij fuHkZj djrk gS fd dkSulk Name Websites ds lkFk tksMuk gSA

2. Host Name/ Address: - ;gkW ij geas viuh Website dk Domain Name type djuk iMrk gSA

3. Host Type: - Host Type esa gesa dqN ugha fy[kuk iMrkA ;g software vius vki irk yxk ysrk gS fd Host Type fdl izdkj dk gSA

4. User ID: - bles gesa vius Account dks iz;ksx djus ds fy;s izkIr user ID dks fy[kuk gksrk gSA

5. Password: - blesa gesa viuk Password type djuk gksrk gSA

6. Account: - blesa gesa vius Account Type ds ckjs esa crkuk gksrk gSA

7. Comment: - bl LFkku ij gekjs }kjk vius fopkj ;k Comments fy[ks tkrs gSA

tc ge bl software dks Run djrs gS rks ;g Internet ij Host Server ij mifLFkr Files dks gekjs Client computer dh vk/kh Screen ij vkSj “ks"k vk/kh Screen ij gekjs Client Machine ij mifLFkr Files dks n”kkZrk gSA blds i”pkr~ ge vius Computer ij mifLFkr Files dks Server ij fLFkr Folder esa copy dj ldrs gSA blh izdkj Internet Host Server ij fLFkr Files dks vius Client Computer ij Copy dj ldrs gSA tc ge FTP dks use djrs gS rks fuEu ckrksa dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg;s: -

1. File Name: - ISP Server ij File Name Case Senstive gksrk gS vFkkZr~ blesa Small vkSj Capital letter vyx² ekus tkrs gSA tSls– ISHWAR.html o ishwar.html vyx–vyx files ekuh tk;sxhA blfy;s Security dh n`f"V ls all files ds name small letters es gksus pkfg;sA

2. Transfer Mode: - FTP ls File Transfer ds eq[; #i ls fuEu rhu mode gSA

· Binary Mode: - Binary mode CGI Script dks NksMdj cgqr lh Files ds fy;s mi;ksxh gSA Binary Mode Images ds fy;s Hkh mi;ksxh gSA

· ASCII Mode: - ASCII Mode vf/kdrj CGI Script dks Transfer djus ds dke vkrk gSA blds vfrfjDr Text file dks upload djus esa Hkh ys ldrs gSA

· Auto Mode: - vf/kdrj vk/kqfud FTP Client Lor% gh ;g fu.kZ; ysrs gS fd Uploading ds fy;s lgh Mode dkSulk gksxkA

3. Directory Structure: - gekjh WebDirectory root/public.html ds vUnj ls 'kq: gksrh gSA ;g og Directory ugha gksrh gS tks gedks izFke ckj FTP ls Connect gksus ij izkIr gksrh gSA ;g Folder gekjh Home Directory gSA Home Directory eas vU; Files Hkh gksrh gS tks www }kjk use esa ugha yh tk ldrh gSA FTP Client Software for Site Maintenance -

· LeechFTP Freeware

· wsFTP shareware

· FTPvoyager shareware

· CuteFTP shareware

· BulletproofFTP shareware

· 3DFTP shareware

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)

Intoduction: - HTML (Hyper Text Mark up language) ,d special codes dk group gSA ftldk use ge vius Document ds Decoration, Image controlling o vU; Information ds lkFk link create djus ds fy, djrs gSA

HTML dk vkfo"dkj Tim Bernor Lee us 1990 ds n'kd esa fd;kA HTML dks ,d vU; Language SGML (Standard Generalised Mark-up Language) dk subset Hkh dgrs gSA SGML 1910 eas IBM (International Business Machine) company }kjk fodflr dh x;h FkhA 1980 esa bldk uke GML (General Mark-up Language) ls cnydj SGML j[kk x;kA bl izdkj HTML, SGML ls lEcfU/kr Language gSA

Concepts of Hyper Text: - Hyper Text eq[; :i ls Simple Text dh rjg gh gksrk gSA bls Simple Text dh rjg gh Read, Store o Search dj ldrs gSA blds vykok blesa u;k Text add Hkh dj ldrs gSA Hyper Text dh fo'ks"krk gS fd ;g Text dk vU; Document ds lkFk Relation j[krk gSA

fdlh Hkh Hyper Text Document esa ;fn ge Mouse ls Hyper Text dks Mark djrs gS rks gesa ,d nwljk Document izkIr gksrk gS vFkkZr~ bl Document ds Hyper Text dk fdlh vU; Document ls Link ;k Relation LFkkfir fd;k gqvk gksrk gSA ;s Hyper Text Link dgykrs gSA bl izdkj ge Hyper Text ds ek/;e ls tfVy ls tfVy Web Connections cuk ldrs gSA web dk lEiw.kZ dk;Z Hyper Text ij fuHkZj djrk gSA

Versions of HTML: - HTML dk vkfo"dkj 1990 ds n'kd eas gqvk tcfd 1992 eas loZizFke HTML dk Introduction gqvk vkSj 1993 esa HTML ds lkFk Physical Structure, Form o Table vkfn tksMs x,A blds ckn 1994 esa eq[; :i ls HTML dk igyk Version vk;k rFkk ckn esa blesa fujUrj fodkl gksrk x;kA

HTML 2.0: - bls IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) uss cuk;kA bldk mi;ksx Hkh 1994 esa 'kq: gks x;kA

HTML 3.0: - ;g igys ds versions ls vf/kd le`) o 'kfDr”kkyh Fkk ijUrq Standard Features ugha gksus ds dkj.k u, Features ds lkFk Modification gksrk x;kA

HTML 3.2: - 1996 esa HTML 3.2 cuk;k x;k o blesa HTML ds compiler Netscape and Explorer cuk, x,A

HTML 4.0: - ;g version 1997 eas vk;kA bleas ubZ facilities esa Script, Frame, Anchor, Table, StyleSheet etc. Provide dh x;hA

HTML 4.1: - 1999 esa HTML 4.1 Market esa vk;kA

XHTML: - lu~ 2000 eas XHTML Market esa use fd;k tkus yxkA

Building HTML Document

HTML dk Kku

lkekU;r% Web ij lHkh Documents HTML format eas cus gksrs gSA HTML gesa Lo;a dk Webpage cukus esa lgk;rk iznku djrk gSA tc ge Webpage ij Browser dh lgk;rk ls dksbZ WebSite open djrs gS rks tks WebSite dk igyk Page open gksrk gS mls Home Page dgrs gSA Home Page dks ge pkj Hkkxkas esa ckaV ldrs gSA vr% fdlh Page dks Design djus ds fy;s pkj Hkkx Heading, Paragraph, List o Address dh vko”;drk gksrh gSA ;s Hkkx dbZ Design Tool j[krs gSA ge fdlh Web page dk fuekZ.k HTML Document ls lqO;ofLFkr rjhds ls djus ds fy, ge HTML ds fofHkUu Tags dks use esa ysrs gSA fdlh HTML page dks design djus ds fy;s izR;sd Hkkx <Html> .... </Html> ds chp eas fy[kk tkrk gSA

Switching between Editor and Browser: - ge vius Editor o Browser dks connect djus ds fy;s igys fdlh Editor dks Load djsaxsA tSlsfd – Notepad. blds ckn ge Editor eas HTML file cuk,saxs vkSj mls HTM ;k HTML extension ds lkFk Save dj nasxsA vc ml file dks Browser ij Open djds mlds ifj.kke dks ns[ksaxsA bl izdkj ge viuh Website cukdj mls Internet ij fdlh Browser ds ek/;e ls ns[k ldrs gSA

Elements of HTML syntax

Web document dks Design djus ds fy;s dqN Elements dh vko”;drk gksrh gSA izR;sd Webpage ;k Web Document dbZ Hkkxkas ls feydj cuk gksrk gSA ;s Hkkx HTML code }kjk iznf”kZr fd;s tkrs gSA bu Elements dks Tag dgrs gSA fdlh Hkh Tag dks ges”kk Single brackets (< >) esa cUn fd;k tkrk gSA lkekU;r% Tags tksMs esa (Opening Tag o Closing Tag) fy[ks tkrs gSA Closing Tag Opening Tag dh rjg gh gksrk gS ysfdu ;g Tag ,d Forward slash (/) ds lkFk izkjEHk gksrk gSA

Syntax: - <Tagname> .... </Tagname>

HTML dk Main Purpose fdlh Webpage dh Formatting dks O;Dr djuk u gksdj Page dks create djus okys eq[; Hkkxkas tSls& Text Structure, Title, Line Break, Paragraph vkfn dks O;Dr o iznf’kZr djuk gSA HTML esa Tag Hkh nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA

(i) Container Tag

(ii) Empty Tag

(i) Container Tag: - og Tag tks fd Bracket, Text o Others parts dks j[krk gS Container Tag dgykrk gSA Container Tag nks izdkj ds Tags j[krs gSA

(ii) Empty Tag: - ;g Tag fdlh izdkj dk dksbZ Bracket, Text ;k dksbZ vU; Hkkx ugha j[krk gSA ;g Tag fdlh HTML Document esa Stand alone part dh rjg dk;Z djrh gSA

Attribute: - Attribute fdlh user dks ;g crkrk gS fd fdlh Web Browser dks fdl rjg Tag dk use djuk pkfg;sA End Tag dks NksMdj Start Tag Attribute dks j[k ldrk gSA

Syntax: - Attribute = ”Value”

Example: - Align= “Center”

Head & Body Section: - fdlh HTML file dks cukus ds fy;s de ls de pkj Tag present mifLFkr gksus vko”;d gSA ;s Tags bl izdkj gS &

1. Html Tag

2. Head Tag

3. Title Tag

4. Body Tag

1. HTML Tags: - fdlh HTML document dk Starting Tag <Html> gksrk gSA ;g Container Tag gS blfy;s blds nks Hkkx gksrs gSA (i) Start Tag (ii) End ;k Close Tag

vU; lHkh Tags o Text dks bu <HTML> o </HTML> Tag ds chp es fy[ks tkrs gSA tSls :- Syntax: - <HTML>

<Head>

------------------------------

-------------------------------

</Head>

</HTML>

lkekU;r% <Head> Tag ds Hkhrj dsoy <Title> Tag dks gh fy[kk tkrk gSA

Syntax: - <HTML>

<Head>

<Title>

My First Web Page

</Title>

</Head>

</HTML>

;fn ge <Title> Tag dk use ugha djsaxs vFkkZr~ Title ugha nsrs gS rks dqN Browsers s }kjk Title Bar ij URL ;k ’UnTitled’ iznf”kZr gksxkA

2. Body Tag: - <Body> Tag, <Head> Tag ds iwjd dh rjg dk;Z djrk gSA ;g Tag fdlh HTML Document ds Structure esa vkus okys izR;sd fgLls dks n”kkZrk gSA ;g <Head> Tag ds ckn esa vkrk gSA <Head> Tag o <Body> Tag HTML Document ds ,d vyx² Hkkx cukrs gSA

Syntex :- <HTML>

<Head>

<Title> My first web page </Title> </Head>

<Body>

---------------------------------

</Body>

</HTML>

Tag Case Sensitive ugha gksrs gS vFkkZr~ bUgs cMs ;k NksVs v{kjkas esa fy[kus ij Hkh ;s leku O;ogkj djrs gSA

<B> - Text dks Bold djus ds fy;sA

<I> - Italic Text

<U> - Underline Text

<Center> - Text dks Center eas djus ds fy;sA

<Big> - lkekU; vkdkj ls cMs vkdkj dk Text fy[kus ds fy;sA

<Small> - lkekU; vkdkj ls NksVs vkdkj es Text fy[kus ds fy;sA

<Sup> - Superscript Text

<Sub> - Subscript Text

<Marquee> - bl Tag ls ge Text dks pyrk fQjrk fn[kk ldrs gSA

<Address> - bl Tag }kjk fdlh web page ds lcls uhps okys Hkkx vFkkZr Signature Block dks O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA

Heading: - Heading dk use djds Web page dks lqO;ofLFkr rjhds ls O;ofLFkr fd;k tkrk gSsA

<H1> - First Level Heading

<H2> - Second Level Heading

<H3> - Third Level Heading

Syntax: - <Html>

<Head>

<Title>

My First Web Page

</Title>

</Head>

<Body>

<H1> First step Heading </H1>

<H2> Second Heading </H2>

<H3> Third Heading </H3>

<H4> Fourth Heading </H4>

<H5> Fifth Heading </H5>

<H6> Sixth Heading </H6>

</Body>

<Html>

;gkaW ij ge <Body> Tags ds vUnj Text fy[krs ftUgsa fd gekjs Webpage ij O;Dr djuk gSA

Inserting Text and Image: - ge vius Webpage ds HTML document esa Text o Image Mkyus ds fy;s fofHkUu izdkj ds Tags use esa ysrs gSA HTML doucment esa Text o Image <Body> …</Body> Tag ds e/; Insert djrs gSA

Paragraph Tag: - bls ge <P> ls iznf”kZr djrs gSA ;g Container Tag gS ijUrq bls dsoy start tag ds }kjk gh iznf”kZr fd;k tkrk gSA bl Tag esa end tag dk use ugha fd;k tkrk gS vFkkZr~ fdlh Paragraph dks iznf”kZr djus ds fy;s <P> fy[kk tkrk gS rFkk ;g Paragraph end gksus ij </P> ugha fy[kk tkrk gSA

Example: - <HTML>

<Head>

<Title> My First Web Page </Title>

</Head>

<Body>

<H1> ISHWAR Publication </H1>

<P> ---------------------------

---------------------------

</Body>

</HTML>

Line Break Tag: - bls <Br> ls Represent fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ,d Empty Tag gS tks fd fdlh Line dks Break djds ubZ ykbu cukrk gSA bls Hkh Closing Tag }kjk cUn ugha fd;k tkrk gSA

Example :- <Br> The Great Indian Comedy Show <Br> Watch Live on 7 PM <Br>

Comment: - ;g ,d Standalone Tag gSA bldk use Webpages eas fofHkUu lwpuk,sa nsus ds fy;s djrs gS rkfd bl lwpukvkas dsk ckn esa use dj ldasA Comment Tag- <! ….... >

Block Quotes: - ;g Tag Text Margin dks O;Dr djus ds dke vkrk gSA

Example: - <Html>

<Head>

<Title> My First web page </Title>

</Head>

<Body>

<H1> ISHWAR Publications </H1>

<P> ........................

<P> .........................

.........................

</Block Quotes>

</Body>

</HTML>

Preformatted Text: - bls <Pre> ls iznf”kZr fd;k tkrk gSA bldk eq[; mi;ksx Text dks Tabular Form esa n”kkZus ds fy;s djrs gSA

Example :- <HTML>

<Head>

<Title> My First Web page </Title> </Head>

<Body>

<Pre>

ISHWAR & Company

JAN FEB MAR TOTAL

RAM 100 200 400 700

SYHYAM 200 200 400 800

</Pre>

</Body> </Html>

List: - HTML Document ds }kjk fdlh Web pages esa List dk use Hkh dj ldrs gSA ge nks rjg ls List rS;kj dj ldrs gS & (i) Ordered List (ii) Unordered List

(i) Ordered list: - Ordered list dks ge <OL> Tag }kjk iznf”kZr djrs gSA bls <Li> Tag ds lkFk iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA <Li> Tag izR;sd List Item ds fy;s use eas yh tkrh gSA

Example :- <Html>

<Head> <Title> My First Web page </Title> </Head>

<Body>

<Ol>

<Li> MS. EXCEL

<Li> MS. WORD

<Li> MS. POWER POINT

<Li> MS. DOS

</Ol>

</Body> </Html>

<Li> Tag esa end Tag dk use ugha fd;k tkrk gSA ;g Run gks tkus ds ckn bl izdkj fn[ksxk: -

1. MS Excel

2. MS Word

3. MS Power Point

4. MS DOS

(ii) Unordered List :- bls <UL> Tag }kjk Represent fd;k tkrk gSA <LI> Tag dk Hkh bl Tag ds lkFk use fd;k tkrk gSA

Example: - <Ul>

<Li> MS Excel

<Li> MS Word

<Li> MS Power Point

<Li> MS DOS

</Ul>

;g Run gks tkus ds ckn bl izdkj fn[ksxk: -

· MS Excel

· MS Word

· MS Power Point

· MS DOS

Nesting List: - Nesting List dk vFkZ gS fd ,d izdkj dh List ds vUnj nwljs izdkj dh List dk iz;ksx djukA

Example :- <Ul>

<Li> Software

<Ol>

<Li> MS Word

<Li> MS Excel

<Li> MS Foxpro

</Ol>

</Ul>

Type Attribute: - Type Attribute dks <OL> ds lkFk use fd;k tkrk gSA blds ek/;e ls <Ol> List dks Represent djus ds rjhds dks fu;fU=r fd;k tk ldrk gSA

Example :- <Ol Type=“I”>

<Li> Level One Out Line

<Li> Level Two Out Line

<Li> Level Three Out Line

</Ol> </Ol>

Run djus ds ckn Result: -

I Level One Out Line

A. Level Two Out Line

B. Level Theree Out Line

Start and Value attribute: - Ordered List esa fdlh Øe dks fdlh fuf”pr la[;k ls “kq# djus ds fy;s Start attribute dk mi;ksx djrs gSA Value attribue dk use <LI> Tag ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gS blls fdlh Øe dks iqu% Restart fd;k tkrk gSA blds fy, fuEu izfdz;k gS &

<Li> This Should be numbered 3

<Li Value=8> This Should be numbered 8

</Ol>

Controlling Display of Unordered List: - Type attribute dk mi;ksx fdlh Unordered List esa Bullet (.) ds Type dks O;Dr djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA Unordered List esa nks izdkj ds Bullets gks ldrs gS & Square, Circle

Example :-<Ul Type=“Square”>

<Li> SOFTWARE

<Li> Computer Concept

<Li> MS Word

<Li> MS Excel

</Ul>

<Li> HARDWARE

<Li> CPU

<Li> Floppy

<Li> Hard Disk

</Ul>

</UL>

RUN djus ij fuEu izdkj ls iznf”kZr gksxk: -

§ SOFT WARE

o Computer Concept

o MS Word

o MS Excel

§ HARD WARE

· CPU

· Floppy

· Hard Disk

Creating Definition list: - Definition list dks <DL> Tag }kjk iznf”kZr djrs gSA Definition List Glossary cukus eas dke yh tkrh gSA Definition List esa rhu Tag elements gksrs gSA

1. <DL> - ;g List dks n”kkZrk gSA

2. <DT> - ;g Tag Data Term dks n”kkZrk gSA

3. <DD> - ;g Data Definition dks n”kkZrk gSA

Example: - <HTML>

<Head>

<Title> Definition List </Title>

</Head>

<Body>

<Dl>

<Dt> HARDWARE

<Dd> Examples of Hardware are CPU, Input, Output, Storage devices etc.

<Dt> SOFTWARE

<Dd> It is a Set of programs

</Body>

</Html>

;g Run djus ds i”pkr~ Webpage bl izdkj iznf”kZr gksxk: -

HARDWARE

Examples of Hardware are CPU, Input, Output, Storage devices etc.

SOFTWARE

It is a Set of programs

bl izdkj ge fdlh Hkh HTML Documents esa Text Insert djok ldrs gSA ftldks O;ofLFkr djus ds fy;s fHkUu² Tags dke eas fy;s tkrs gSA ftl :i esa ge Document dks O;ofLFkr djuk pkgrs gS mlh ds vuqlkj bu Tags dk mi;ksx djrs gS vkSj Document esa Text insert djrs gSA

Inserting Inline Images: - Inline Images dks HTML document esa tksMus ds fy;s ge <IMG> Tag dk use djrs gSA Inline dk vFkZ gS fd Webpage ds fdlh LFkku ij Image tqM jgh gSA lkekU;r% GIF Format gh Inline Image dh rjg dk;Z djrk gSA dqN Browsers JPEG format dks Hkh Webpages eas tksM ikus eas leFkZ gSA <Img> Tag ,d Stand alone Tag gSA

Syntax: - <Img Src=“Image file path”>

Src (Source) Attribute: - fdlh Image Filename & path O;Dr djus ds fy;s vko”;d gSA

Align Attribute: - Align Attribute dh lgk;rk ls ge fdlh Webpage ij Inline Image dh fLFkfr fuf”pr dj ldrs gSA bl Attribute dh 5 value – Top, Middle, Bottom, Right, Left

Example: - Flowers.gif file dks iznf”kZr djus ds fy;s ;gkW <P> Tag dk use New Block dks cukus ds fy;s fd;k x;k gSA

Example :- <P> The Image on this line

<P> The Image on this line.

<P> The Image on this Line.

<P> The Image on this Line.

<P> The Image on this Line.

Height & Width of Image: - ;fn ge Inline Image dh Height o Width Attribate dk use djds Height o Width dks Fix u djs rks fdlh Image dks Webpage ij Download djrs le; gesa rc rd bUrtkj djuk gksxk tc rd fd iwjh Image Download u gks tk;sA blfy;s ge <Img> Tag esa Height o Width Attribute dk use djds Image dh size Fix dj nsrs gSA ftlls Browser mruh txg dks NksMdj ckdh Page dks display dj nsrk gSA

Example: - <Img Src=”C:\My Documents\Flowers.gif” Width=100%>

fdlh Link eas Image tksMuk: - ge fdlh Hyper Text Link eas Text ds lkFk² Inline Image dks Hkh tksM ldrs gSA ;g link Blue border esa fn[kkbZ nsxkA ml ij click djrs gh ;g dk;Z djus yxrk gSA

Example: - <P> <A Href =”C:\My Documents\Ishwar.Html”>

Image Link Border: - fdlh Image link ds Border dks Hkh Control dj ldrs gSA Border dh Default Width 2 Pixels gksrh gSA <Img> Tag ds Border Attribute dh lgk;rk ls Width fuf”pr djrs gSA

Example: - <P> <A Href=“C:\My Documents\Ishwar.Html”>

Creating Links – HTML Document esa Links cukus ds fy;s Anchor <A> dk iz;ksx djrs gSA bldh Href property ls Hyper Reference vFkkZr~ Link Source/ File dk Path/ Web Address nsrs gSA By Default Link Text (Hyper Text) Blue Color esa o Underline iznf”kZr gksrs gSA mnkgj.k & <A Href=”C:\My Documents\Nbj.Html”> Click Here to view NBJ File </A>

<A Href=”http://www.nbj.com”> Click Here for NBJ webpage </A>

BookMarks - To add Book in HTML Document, <A Name=”Bookmark Name”> is used.

Ex: - <A Name=”Top”>

Create Link for Bookmark – One can create Hyperlink for a text towards Bookmark in following manner

Table – HTML Document esa Table cukus ds fy;s <Table> dks use djrs gSA Table esa fuEufyf[kr Tag elements gksrs gSA

<Th> - Table Heading

<Tr> - Table Row

<Td> - Table Data

Ex: - <Table>

<Tr> <Th>S. No.

<Th> Name

<Th> Result

<Tr> <Td> 1

<Td> Meena

<Td> Pass

<Tr> <Td> 2

<Td> Teena

<Td> Fail

<Tr> <Td> 3

<Td> Neena

<Td> Pass By Grace

<Tr> <Td> 4

<Td> Veena

<Td> First

</Table>

Form – HTML Document esa Form cukus ds fy, fuEu command dks use djrs gS&

<FORM ACTION=action base METHOD=method >

ACTION Attribute dk mi;ksx document ds Base Address ij dk;Z djus ds fy, djrs gSA tcfd Method attribute GET ;k POST gksrs gSA GET dk mi;ksx form ls data dks ysus ds fy, gksrk gSA tcfd POST Data dks Server ij Post djrk gSA

Check Box

`<INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX NAME=`name `VALUE=`value`>`
`<INPUT TYPE=CHECKBOX NAME=`name `VALUE=`value `CHECKED>`

INPUT command ds }kjk Form esa vyx² Controls dks tksMrs gSA CheckBox dks tksMus ds fy, INPUT ds vUrxZr~ TYPE attribute esa CheckBox dks fy[krs gSA

Name attribute dk mi;ksx CheckBox dk uke fy[kus esa djrs gS ftldk Script Language esa ChockBox ds Data dks Access djus ds fy, mi;ksx djrs gSA

Value attribute esa CheckBox dh Default Value Mkyh tkrh gSA

Checked ds }kjk By default CheckBox dks Check j[kk tkrk gSA

Password

<INPUT TYPE=PASSWORD NAME=name>
<INPUT TYPE=PASSWORD NAME=name MAXLENGTH=length>
<INPUT TYPE=PASSWORD NAME=name SIZE=size>
Password dks Input djkus ds fy, mijksDr commands dk iz;ksx djrs gSA ;g TextBox dh rjg Appear gksrk gS ijUrq blesa Text, **** ds #i esa fn[krk gSA

Name attribute dk use Password Box dk uke fy[kus esa djrs gSA

MaxLength attribute ls Password Box esa Input ldus okys Maximum Characters dh la[;k dks r; djrs gSA

Radio Button

<INPUT TYPE=RADIO NAME=name VALUE=value CHECKED>

Radio Button dks tksMus ds fy, INPUT ds vUrxZr~ TYPE attribute esa Radio dks fy[krs gSA

Name attribute dk mi;ksx Radio Button dk uke fy[kus esa djrs gS ftldk Script Language esa Radio Button ds Data dks Access djus ds fy, djrs gSA

Value attribute esa Radio dh Default Value Mkyh tkrh gSA

Checked ds }kjk By default Radio Button dks Check j[kk tkrk gSA

Submit

<INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT>
Form dks Submit djus ds fy, bls use djrs gSA

Text Box

<INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=name>
<INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=name MAXLENGTH=length>
<INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=name SIZE=size>
<INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=name VALUE=value>

Text Box dks Input djkus ds fy, mijksDr commands dk iz;ksx djrs gSA ;g Box dh rjg Appear gksrk gSA

Name attribute dk use TextBox dk uke fy[kus esa djrs gSA

MaxLength attribute ls Text Box esa Input gks ldus okys Maximum Characters dh la[;k dks r; djrs gSA

Select List

<SELECT NAME=name> option entries </SELECT>
<OPTION> content
blls Drop Down List dks cukrs gSA

Form TextArea

<TEXTAREA NAME=name COLS=# columns ROWS=# rows> content </TEXTAREA>

TextArea dk mi;ksx Multiple Rows and Columns esa Data/Text (tSls&Residential Address etc.) dks Input djkus esa djrs gSA

FrameSet

<frameset rows="pixels or %" cols="pixels or %"> </Frameset>

Frameset esa Browser Window dks Rows ;k Columns esa ckaVk tkrk gSA blds i”pkr~ Frame Tag ls gj Section esa vyx² HTML file dks j[krs gSA Frameset okys Web Page esa <Body> Section ugha gksrk gSA

<frame name="name" src="link.html">

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